FAQ
SYSTEM 3E is a ground-breaking technology for the construction of ecological, energy-saving and economic walls in all types of buildings. The technology is based on 3E Elements characterized by two innovations: a material based on perlite, that makes the SYSTEM 3E the thinnest and warmest single layer walls in Europe and a unique shape, making the installation process quick and dry stacking. The adopted geometry of the Morse’ taper on the surfaces joining adjacent elements eliminate all degrees of freedom between the blocks, the finished partitions are characterized by above-average strength and safety, what is demonstrated by the highest, possible fire classification and impact strength (REI-240+M). The production process requires minimal use of energy and water, making our products and finished houses in perfect balance with the environment.
The price per square meter of finished wall, including labor, is similar to traditional methods. Most of the savings come from labor time and the lack of additional materials needed. Our clients are small and medium contractors and developers as well as individual clients. The final price will depend on the volume of the order. If you want to receive a quote, please send the cross-section project or dimensions of the walls without window and door openings.
SYSTEM 3E offers to individual clients a comprehensive house construction service in a developer standard, based on typical, individual and adaptation projects. SYSTEM 3E customer advisors carry out the process of building a house from beginning to end, also providing support in formal and legal issues such as obtaining a building permit. SYSTEM 3E developers offer the sale of 3E elements for the needs of smaller or larger investment projects, e.g. single-family housing estates, terraced houses or duplexes. 3E elements can also be used as wall filling in skeleton frames. Industrial halls and outbuildings can also be built in SYSTEM 3E technology.
The main areas of the SYSTEM 3E activities include the production and distribution of structural elements dedicated to constructing external walls (SYSTEM 3E EKO+) as well as internal walls (SYSTEM 3E INTERNAL). These structural elements are offered throughout Poland and the European Union. Export activities are carried out to European markets, including Spain, Portugal, Scandinavia, Benelux, or the UK as well as to Asia, South Korea. Australia and North America (Canada and the USA) are likely to start importing in 2024.
SYSTEM 3E is the only manufacturer of shaped structural elements made of natural material – perlite. The technology was introduced to the market in 2018, and is protected by several patents concerning the composition, shape and manufacturing process. SYSTEM 3E intellectual property is covered within the European Union construes, USA, China, India and Eurasia. The main featured making the technology unique are listed below:
The innovative characters of SYSTEM 3E technology is expressed by two innovations: a material based on perlite, that makes the SYSTEM 3E the thinnest and warmest single layer walls in Europe, and a unique shape, making the installation process quick and dry stacking. The adopted geometry of the Morse’ taper on the surfaces joining adjacent elements eliminate all degrees of freedom between the blocks, the finished partitions are characterized by above-average strength and safety. Moreover, the production processes require minimal use of energy and water, making our products and finished houses in perfect balance with the environment.
Perlite is a natural lightweight aggregate. At SYSTEM 3E it is used as the primary raw materials in the production process of 3E elements. Thanks to the material characteristics embodied in perlite, 3E elements demonstrate high thermal and acoustic insulation in contract to other traditionally used construction materials. In combination with mineral binder, perlite creates a material that is warm and durable at the same time, therefore, houses made in SYSTEM 3E technology are characterized by above average load-bearing capacity and high thermal insulation making the additional thermal insulations obsolete. Other materials characteristics including low water absorption, high vapor permeability and stable pH, create healthy and safe environment and healthy microclimate. Minimized water absorption of 3E elements results in dry and robust product over life-time, especially giving stable thermal and load-bearing performance.
Ecological production process: minimized water consumption on the manufacturing and construction processes, minimized initial product’s CO2 emission, make SYSTEM 3E in a perfect balance with the environment. SYSTEM 3E using technology that is 100% recyclable material and minimizing waste generated at the construction site (insulations, mortars, etc.). Maximized energy performance of the building resulting in significant savings on air conditioning in warm climates and heating in cold and moderate climates.The competitiveness of the SYSTEM 3E technology stems directly from its innovative character, the unique shape, employed material and production process:
-
The technology is suitable for external and internal load-bearing walls, its mortarless character make the technology rapid and significantly reducing time of construction.
-
Exclusion of mortar during wall construction reduces downtime on-site, eliminates the necessity of skilled labor.
-
Modularity and precision in construction decreased the risk of construction incompatibilities and simplifies architectural and structural design.
-
Mortar-free assembly enhances the durability of the structure and reduces waste on site.
-
Single layer walls, 352 mm thick, with no required insulation as specified in Technical Data Sheet.
-
Lightweight material for handling and transport, eliminating the need for heavy machinery on-site.
-
Increased floor area due to the thin character of thermally insulating walls.
-
Safety derived from the high load-bearing capacity od SYSTEM 3E elements and their high fire resistance.
-
Low water absorption and vapor permeability directly impacting the building durability, frost resistance and dimensional stability.
-
SYSTEM 3E EKO+ product offer
Construction elements are made of concrete with lightweight aggregates in SYSTEM 3E EKO+ technology intended for external and internal load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls. The elements are designed to be used as load-bearing material for the construction of external and internal walls in residential and non-residential buildings. In dependence on the local requirements and legal circumstances, SYSTEM 3E EKO+ can be applied in building up to 12, 16 or 20 meters in height when used as load-bearing material. In the case of higher buildings, SYSTEM 3E EKO+ can perform as infilling in concrete and steel frame constructions. Details of strength class, average density, dimensional tolerances and other performance parameters are included in the Declarations of Performance, CE marking, technical data sheet and other information accompanying CE marking.
The system comprises of 70 types of elements grouped according to their purpose
SYSTEM 3E INTERNAL
Aggregate concrete wall elements manufactured in SYSTEM 3E technology intended for the construction of internal walls within a room/building. The set of elements for internal non-load-bearing walls grouped in-to two categories:
SYSTEM 3E INTERNAL 115
SYSTEM 3E INTERNAL 175
The SYSTEM 3E INTERNAL 115 elements are 704 mm long, 250 mm high and 115 mm thick, while SYSTEM 3E INTERNAL 115 elements are 704 mm long, 200 mm high and 175 mm thick. Details of strength class, average density, dimensional tolerances and other performance parameters are described in the Performance Declaration, in Technical Data Sheet and in the information accompanying the CE marking (label) on each package. The masonry elements are designed for the construction of internal partitions on thin grout in 5 or 10 MPa strength class.
SYSTEM 3E is designed for construction of wall structures in single-family, multi-family
and collective residential buildings, public utility buildings and industrial buildings. SYSTEM 3E EKO+ technology is dedicated for load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls in low-rise constructions. Additionally, the same structural elements can be used as infill and internal walls in high-rise concrete structural constructions.There are several categories of SYSTEM 3E EKO + applications:
-
Single layer load-bearing external walls,
-
Double and multi-layer load-bearing external walls,
-
Load-bearing internal walls,
-
Non-load bearing partitions,
-
Basement and partition walls.
In high rise construction (mid-rise, high-rise and skyscrapers) SYSTEM 3E can serve as infill of the concrete structure and as internal partitions. Direct applications include:
-
Non-load bearing external walls,
-
Non-load bearing internal walls.
Additionally, SYSTEM 3E EKO+ can be used in specific applications:
-
Fire separations,
-
Retaining walls,
-
Infill for steel constructions.
-
SYSTEM 3E EKO+ elements are designed to be used mortar-free, except the first layer intended to be bound with foundations, higher floors, and above lintels. The technology consists of 37 unique types intended to be used in accordance with the technical design project. It is necessary to ensure that the design project is prepared by specialized design office and in line with the SYSTEM 3E technical recommendations and local requirements valid in the place of use. On the construction site it is necessary to obey the local rules and requirements on health and safety, as well as the technological regime for the use of S3E building blocks.
The following rules should be followed during the construction work:
-
The first layer made of S0 and S0 300 elements should be laid on cement or lime-cement mortar to ensure a rigid connection between the SYSTEM 3E construction and the foundations,
-
A thin layer of horizontal waterproofing should be applied before the starting elements are stacked,
-
Subsequent layers (S1, S1/2 etc.) shall be stacked mortar-free in accordance with the wall construction layout included in the technical construction project,
-
Before the next layer is stacked mortar-free, any dirt and/or imperfections that may affect the quality of the work should be removed from the surface,
-
Final layer under lintels and under reinforced concrete tie band made of SZ.EO and similar elements, should be stacked mortar-free as well and cleaned before further works,
-
SYSTEM 3E EKO+ elements must not be wet, frozen, covered by frost or snow while using,
-
It is necessary to ensure that the newly built walls are protected from excessive damping and displacement while works are discontinued,
-
Observe the health and safety rules applicable during the construction work.
-
Construction in SYSTEM 3E technology generates measurable savings. They are associated with a significant reduction in construction time and thus the involvement of the construction team. For example, building house walls with an area of 145 m2 using a traditional method can take as many as 14 days, while in SYSTEM 3E technology - only 1. Construction of such a „shell and core” house using the traditional method takes a minimum of 5 months, in SYSTEM 3E technology only 3 months (of course, if in the meantime, nothing unexpected happens at the construction site). Measurable savings also result from the fact that SYSTEM 3E does not require the use of mortar and insulation and so the customer does not have to buy additional building materials, e.g. cement or polystyrene. In addition, SYSTEM 3E does not require the employment of qualified construction crews that are difficult to find on the market. Everyone can build in SYSTEM 3E technology (after a short training).
SYSTEM 3E is ecological because the main component of 3E elements is perlite, a natural mineral with volcanic origins. Perlite achieves a pH = 7, providing the best protection against mold, algae and fungi. It is also an ideal solution for people struggling with allergies and asthma. Building a house in SYSTEM 3E technology is also ecological because it does not require the use of recyclable materials, e.g. polystyrene and mineral wool. In addition, the production process of 3E elements at the factory in Radomsko is completely environmentally neutral. We are socially responsible and do not release any fumes or smoke. We care about the environment.
While designing and delivering new products to the market, we consider its environmental impact not only on the use stage of its LCA, but throughout the entire life cycle from resource acquisition and manufacturing to its end of life and recycling. The production processes require minimal use of energy and water, making our products and finished houses in perfect balance with the environment. The technology demonstrates that construction process can be freed from toxic chemicals and most of the waste. The recycling potential makes the product life cycle circular as well.
The 3E elements consist of natural perlite and mineral binders. The detailed recipe is a business secret. The mix has been designed so that 3E elements make maximum use of the excellent properties of perlite, i.e. resistance to temperatures from 200 ° C to 900 ° C, chemical inertness and sterility, thermal insulation, sound absorption, moisture resistance, insensitivity to mold, algae, fungi and algae, fire resistance, vapor permeability, volumetric stability, protection against insects and rodents. Thanks to this, 3E elements are friendly to human health and the whole natural environment.
The strength of construction materials often defines their application in the industry and the building’s durability. European standard regarding the use of various materials classes indicates the design assumptions that should be considered when preparing a project. Designing building structures follow a procedure outlined in the respective standards (1,2)l which is carried out in specific steps.
The data presented in the table not only indicate the basic characteristics results for SYSTEM 3E EKO+, and other construction materials, but highlights the structural parameters necessary to be considered when determining the strength parameters of a building structure.
Analyzing the provided data, there is a strong correlation between the standardized compressive strength of a single AAC, ceramic and silicate block strength as well as calculated characteristic compressive, flexural and shear strengths for structures made these materials and mortar. Similar relationships are visible when examining data collected for structures made from perlite in the SYSTEM 3E EKO+ technology.
The standardized compressive strength values (fb) and characteristic strength of the structure (fk) for SYSTEM 3E technology remain at levels determined for structures made from autoclaved aerated concrete. Meanwhile, the flexural strength perpendicular (fxk) and parallel (fxk||) to the plane and shear strength of the structure (fvk) are higher or comparable to those exhibiting the highest compressive strength, such as silicates and ceramic construction materials.
The values in the table for SYSTEM 3E EKO+ were gathered based on reports from tests conducted for model structures and serve as the basis for designing structures according to the current set of Eurocode 6 standards. Consequently, the use of SYSTEM 3E elements as load-bearing external and internal wall elements in single-family and multi-family buildings is possible not only in Poland but also in all European Union (EU) countries.
Information regarding the dimensions of masonry units is available in the declaration of performance and accompanying documentation related to CE marking. These dimensions are provided as nominal values with dimensional tolerances that indicate production imperfections, resulting in actual dimensions within the specified dimensional tolerances. Manufacturers are obliged to declare values such as surface flatness (i.e., maximum deviation from a plane) and surface parallelism (i.e., deviation from parallel planes), which also indicate production imperfections.
Masonry elements available in the construction materials market often bear high dimensional tolerances and deviations. In the case of certain building elements, dimensional deviations of up to 10 mm in length, height, width, as well as deviations from planes or deviations from parallel planes, are encountered.
SYSTEM 3E stands out with the highest possible dimensional stability compared to masonry elements made from other materials. This is attributed to the precision in the production process, where SYSTEM 3E elements are formed in high-precision presses.
Substantial inaccuracy in masonry elements leads to increased mortar consumption during construction and higher material consumption during wall plastering. It also correlates with inferior thermal insulation parameters of partitions constructed in this manner. High dimensional inaccuracy in masonry elements is also associated with difficulties in correctly constructing walls and causes discrepancies between the coordinated dimensions in the project and the actual dimensions in the finished structure, leading to potential logistical inconsistencies.
Parameters characterizing the deformation of masonry elements under moisture changes include expansion due to moisture absorption and shrinkage due to drying. Manufacturers must unequivocally include these parameters in the declarations of performance for construction materials. Under extreme conditions of increased moisture or rapid drying, masonry elements in completed structures are susceptible to damage, which, in large numbers, can negatively impact structural integrity. The solutions provided by SYSTEM 3E feature a porous-cellular structure, enabling competitive values for expansion and shrinkage under moisture influence compared to other solutions available in the market.
The water absorption and moisture content of building elements are determined by the water absorption capacity, which varies depending on the type of element and is assessed through different methods. Due to the diversity of available construction materials in the market and the variety of research methods, conducting a detailed comparison is not feasible.
Low water absorption is crucial for those building elements exposed to external environments or for walls susceptible to significant moisture exposure. The data presented in the table indicate characteristic values for various classes of available materials used in house construction. It is advantageous to utilize materials in construction that exhibit the lowest possible water absorption values. Moistened building partitions are susceptible to degradation due to the development of life (such as mold growth), damage to plasters, allergic reactions and respiratory issues for building occupants.
The materials used in SYSTEM 3E elements belongs to the class of ultra-lightweight aggregate concrete, which in contrast to other building materials, exhibit the lowest water absorption coefficient. Consequently, walls made in SYSTME 3E technology are resistant to moisture and free from adverse effects.
Acoustic insulation is a measure that determines the portion of incoming acoustic energy on a building partition that passes through to its other side. Depending on the noise source, specific indicators for assessing acoustic insulation are employed during building design:
RA1 is used to assess the acoustic insulation of internal partitions, considering mainly sources of domestic noise like conversations, music, radio, TV, children's play, as well as railway traffic at medium and high speeds, traffic on expressways exceeding 80 km/h, low-distance jet aircraft and industrial facilities emitting mainly medium and high-frequency noise.
RA2 is used to evaluate the acoustic insulation of external partitions, considering sources such as urban street traffic, low-speed railway traffic, helicopters, high-distance jet aircraft, nightclub music, and industrial facilities emitting mainly low and medium-frequency noise.
An auxiliary value is the specific insulation of the partition (Rw), determined in laboratory conditions, serving as the baseline for calculating the RA1 And RA2 indicators.
Buildings should be designed and constructed in a way that the noise level to which users are exposed does not pose a threat to their health, allowing them satisfactory conditions for work, rest and sleep. Higher acoustic insulation is often linked to increased residents' comfort.
Due to the structure of SYSTEM 3E material, the weighted average sound insulation index amounts to 45 [dB], while the RA1 index concerning internal partitions' insulation is 44 [dB] and RA2, referring to insulation from external sounds, stands at 41 [dB]. A precise comparison of acoustic insulation in partitions made from different building elements isn't feasible due to significant variations in specific density and partition thickness. At a width of 352 mm, SYSTEM 3E offers competitive acoustic insulation parameters compared to other market solutions, making it a viable alternative to often heavy masonry elements designed for increased acoustic insulation in walls.
Fire resistance is the ability of building structures or elements to maintain specified utility properties under fire conditions. Current technical conditions (WT) specify fundamental requirements for load-bearing capacity, fire tightness and fire insulation, expressed through specific indicators:
-
Fire resistance (R) represents the capacity of a structural element to withstand fire exposure under defined mechanical conditions for a specific duration without losing stability or load-bearing properties.
-
Fire tightness (E) refers to the ability of a structural element to withstand fire exposure without transferring fire to the unexposed side due to flame penetration or hot gases.
-
Fire insulation (I) signifies the ability of a structural element to withstand fire exposure without transferring fire due to significant heat flow from the heated side to the unheated side.
SYSTEM 3E solutions are characterized by a fire resistance rating of REI 240+M, indicating that SYSTEM 3E EKO+ wall constructions are capable of enduring fire exposure without losing load-bearing properties, without transferring fire due to flame penetration and without significant heat transfer for 240 minutes. Additionally, SYSTEM 3E solutions exhibit resistance to mechanical impact (M), demonstrating their ability to withstand an impact when the destruction of another component in the fire results in an impact on the relevant element.
Constructions made of masonry elements from cellular concrete, ceramics and silicates display varying degrees of fire resistance. All these solutions demand meticulous execution to ensure fire safety. Apart from SYSTEM 3E EKO+, none of the available market solutions possess resistance to mechanical impact. SYSTEM 3E thereby extends its range of applications and positively impacts residents' safety.
-
The durability of construction elements, regardless of their type and intended use, is determined by their resistance to cyclic freezing and thawing in reference to the conditions present at their usage site.
Commonly available construction elements exhibit varying resistance to freezing and thawing. Construction elements made of autoclaved aerated concrete are considered frost-resistant when their resistance in freeze-thaw cycles reaches 15 cycles. Silicate elements often achieve levels of 25 or 50 cycles. Significant differences in material characteristics are notable. Manufacturers of ceramic materials rarely provide information on freeze/thaw resistance, usually only indicating neutral (F0) or moderate (F1) application conditions.
In the case of construction elements produced using SYSTEM 3E technology, the resistance to freezing/thawing has been determined at 20 cycles. Consequently, the durability of SYSTEM 3E material is comparable, if not higher, than those with similar material characteristics and applications, such as elements made of autoclaved aerated concrete.
In some European regions, especially prone to seismic events, it is necessary to comply with Eurocode 8 (EC8) dealing with the design of structures for earthquake resistance. Design and static calculations of structures made of SYSTEM 3E EKO+ elements should be carried out in accordance with the set of Eurocode 6 (EC6) standards and/or their national interpretations and attachments. In general, structures in seismic regions shall be designed and constructed to provide adequate degree of reliability expressed by non-collapse requirement (ultimate limit state) and damage limitation requirements (damage limitation state).
SYSTEM 3E EKO+ elements are characterized by high compressive strength (Fk = 1.0 N/mm2). Thanks to the appropriately designed geometry of horizontal interlocks in S3E elements, our structures are characterized by many times higher resistance to loads caused by bending and shear forces, mostly influencing the building limit state in seismic region. It is evident by the experimentally determined values of the characteristic bending strength of the structure caused by the tension of the support joints (fxk1 = 0.11 N/mm2), bending strength caused by shear of the support joints (fxk2 = 0.31 N/mm2), and shear strength of the masonry (Fvk = 0.07 N/mm2).
Depending on the type of building, its location, and local requirements regarding the structural earthquake resistance, building designers have the choice to use one of the following construction types:
-
unreinforced masonry constructions,
-
confined masonry constructions,
-
reinforced masonry constructions.
In practice the unreinforced masonry construction including traditional technologies made of AAC, silicate, ceramics as well as SYSTEM 3E EKO+ that usually follow the provisions of EC 6 is limited due to its low design ductility and low-dissipation capacity. Construction designers are recommended to utilize confined or reinforced SYSTEM 3E structures to comply with the requirements and to provide necessary structural stability and stiffness.
At SYSTEM 3E we are working to provide necessary data for construction designers to use SYSTEM 3E technology on its own in the European regions prone to severe seismic regions. Specific rules for design criteria and construction regarding traditional masonry buildings specified in EC8, especially using confined and reinforced masonry apply to the buildings designed initially in SYSTEM 3E EKO+ technology as well, therefore, it is possible to apply SYSTEM 3E EKO+ as it is in seismic prone areas.
-
SYSTEM 3E EKO+ is already available in the market. It is commercialized in accordance to EN 771-3:2011+A1:2015 harmonized standard. As a manufacturer, we provide necessary documentation including CE marking, Declaration of Performance (DoP), Instruction, technical datasheets, and Technical Recommendation. The existing Factory Production Control (FPC) system is certified by Instytut Materiałów Budowlanych i Technologii Betonu (IMBiTB) accreditation no. 2311. The mentioned above documentation
is attached to the letter. The commercial trade name of the product is SYSTEM 3E EKO+, however, the unique identification code of the product is as follows: Masonry elements from aggregate concrete) with lightweight aggregates in SYSTEM 3E EKO+ technology. The detailed list of SYSTEM 3E Elements in available in the Technical Recommendation and states only part of the product range.1. Foundations.
Our walls can be built on every traditional foundation: continuous footing or slab.
The most cost effective and practical for single family houses resulted the foundation slab.
2. Wall finishing materials:
Our material is compatible with all finishing materials that are on the market. The most used by us as a standard is a thin layer plaster on fiber mesh on the outside. About 7mm thickness and inside the Gypsum- Cal plastering 15 mm. It can be exterior render like the one from the link:
https://www.kreisel.pl/en/product/sisitynk-040-silicate-silicone-render
and for interiors:
https://www.kreisel.pl/produkt/expert-tynk-cementowo-wapienny-530-tynk-maszynowy-cementowo-wapienny3. Windows installation:
To install the window, we use the same anchors and dowels that are dedicated for cellular or aerial concrete.
4. Basement Wall Detail
Our walls can be used in basements, when properly insulated against the water and designed structurally to hold the soil pressure.
5. Window / Lintel Detail
To eliminate thermal bridges around the window we are using PIR thermos insulation.
In SYSTEM 3E, we are using reinforcement concrete beams.
The average construction time is 4,5 min.
Yes, although in accordance with local structure requirements and constructor recommendations based on calculations. It also depends on the project of the building and designed spans and loads.
The element itself has very low absorption of water comparing to traditional materials.
· Water absorption due to capillary rise: after 10’: ‑ 40 g/m2 • s0,5
· Dimensional stability. Moisture expansion: < 0,30 mm/m
· Water vapor permeability, diffusion resistance factor: < 15
· It can with stand humid climate conditions uncovered.
However, it would absorb moisture when the surface is affected by cutting or chipped.
Yes of course. In walls built in SYSTEM 3E technology, you can drill and make holes and installation grooves without damaging their durability or strength. They can be used to hang various interior items, e.g. mirrors, cabinets, TV sets. SYSTEM 3E is no different in this respect from other home construction technologies.
The 3E components leave the factory in a perfect condition. To reach the construction site in the same condition, it is necessary, as in the case of aerated concrete or ceramic block, to ensure proper conditions during transport. If it turned out that the 3E element is minimally chipped, you can use the so-called repair mortar while maintaining its high quality.
We can ship these anywhere in the world. A rough budget might be 1,6 euro/1 km from factory in Radomsko, Poland to anywhere in Europe. A rough budget to Spain might be 3.900 EUR, to Denmark 1.900 EUR by land transport, but when we speak about Asia, a rough budget to Seul, South Korea might be 2.000 EUR per container and three times more to West Virginia, USA by maritime transport.
The process of attaching the façade finishing is the same as in traditional technologies i.e. cellular concrete blocks. The most common finishing for exterior is the thin layer plaster on fiber mesh. In the high precision SYSTEM 3E walls with even surface the plaster is consistent and it has 7mm. We could also use all kinds of cladding and rendering. Wooden or manufactured elevation panels that are installed on the substructure. The substructure or hangers do not require extra length for thermal insulation, which our SYSTEM does not require.
SYSTEM 3E possesses a full range of characteristics of a partition to be used in the construction of the building. For that reason, it is possible to hang cabinets, equipment, attach the substructure for drywall or other types of cladding. It is also possible to furrow for the electrical and sanitary installations.
We recommend the below-mentioned mechanical fasteners:
Rawlplug: R-FF1-N-08, R-FF-N-10
Hilti: HRD-H, HUD-L
Those are recommended for:
• Door and window frames
• Garage doors and gates
• Wall cabinets
• Satellite antennas
• Wall shelves
• Handrails
• Cable trays
• Battens for cladding
Please see the references:
https://www.fixandfast.co.uk/rawlplug-r-fx-n-nylon-hammer-fixing-40608/
https://www.hilti.pl/c/CLS_FASTENER_7135/CLS_MECHANICAL_ANCHORS_7135/r4677
https://www.hilti.pl/c/CLS_FASTENER_7135/CLS_MECHANICAL_ANCHORS_7135/r637
In more demanding cases we recommend using the chemical fasteners Rawlplug: R-KEM-II + steel rod R-STUDS-08110, R-KEM-II + steel rod R-STUDS-10130, R-KEM-II + steel rod R-STUDS 12160
HILTI: HY 170 + HAS-U M8x80, HY 170 + HAS-U M8x150
Those are recommended for:
• garage gates,
• high storage racks
• heavy equipment
• handrails etc
Please see the references:
https://rawlplug.co.uk/product/r-kem-ii-with-threaded-rods-for-masonry/
https://www.hilti.pl/c/CLS_FASTENER_7135/CLS_ANCHOR_RODS_ELEMENTS_7135/r9864251
Stacked elements generate a monolith. The gaps between the elements close under pressure from above, and additionally, the labyrinthine connection of the elements suppresses any attempt by air to penetrate. Additionally, there is plaster with mesh on both sides of the wall as a finishing touch.